Today, this theme, body theme, especially the female body, has always been a restricted area for traditional Chinese plastic arts. The conservative and courtesy of Chinese traditional culture makes the theme of naked women very taboo. Although the jade carving of naked women in the modern era has become the subject of engraving in the eyes of many jade carvings, it is still quite controversial in the market. Some consumers feel that naked female jade carving is an innovative art and worthy of advocating; while some consumers feel that naked female jade carving is a kind of innovation without jade, which is a jealousy of jade culture.
Dong Chunyu's "Butterfly Flower" 2012 Hundred Flowers Award
The image of a nude girl who looks like a feminine figure in the form of a hibiscus, combines the essence of Western sculptors on the basis of traditional Chinese jade carving techniques, and gives a new vitality to the traditional jade carvings, and a vivid and vivid figure has been achieved. The unanimous approval of the authorities in the engraving industry.
Between the thoughts, the Buddha and the devil change, the desire is also caused, the desire, the non-stop color, the tea and wine articles, the calligraphy and painting of the chess, are all sinister desires, in the vertical, the devil, the suppression, the Buddha.
In fact, in a strict sense, the nude jade carving is not an innovation. It appeared in the Qin and Han dynasties thousands of years ago, and it has become a commonplace in the eyes of people at that time. Since the Qin and Han dynasties were not too far from the ancient times, the feudal ethics was not very harsh, so there was still a considerable degree of openness in terms of sex. This can be seen clearly from some of the artworks left over from the time.
First, nude painting
In the historical documents and historical relics (mural paintings, enamel paintings, portrait bricks, stone reliefs, bronze mirrors, etc.) that can be found today, it is found that a considerable number of nude paintings appeared in the Han Dynasty earlier. For example, the nude image in the earliest murals was found in the Lingguang Temple built by Lu Gongwang in Qufu in the Western Han Dynasty. His mural paintings have the nude shapes of the ancient times. Wang Yanshou of the Eastern Han Dynasty was described as "Lu Ling Guang Dian Fu"; the murals of Liu Haiyang in the Western Han Dynasty have a male and female nude image; the mural tombs found in Luoyang, Henan Province are painted with a "naked woman, lying under the tree" The image is drawn both realistically and vividly."
The image of a half-naked person in the "Guide Picture" of the Western Han Dynasty tomb in Changsha Mawangdui; the modern French archaeologist Segaran found many portraits carved in the tomb of the tomb in the Eastern Han Dynasty in Sichuan. Strikes, hunters, naked people, half-naked women, all kinds of animals and animals chasing each other, fighting each other, vivid, especially in the tomb, also."
From the above cultural relics, the level of painting in the Han Dynasty has been greatly developed compared to the pre-Qin Dynasty. According to the literature, there were special studios or churches in the late Western Han Dynasty, just as in the book "Han Huo Guang Chuan": "There is no entry in the studio." "Han Shu Cheng Di Ji" also said: "The Yuan Emperor is in the womb, and the student is watching the painting hall." It can be seen that the rulers at that time have attached great importance to painting. The portraits of the Han Dynasty paintings have already used the means of sketching. For example, the Emperor of the Sui Dynasty called the hermits Jiang Yan not to send a painter to paint his image. Jiang Yi disagreed, lying in the darkness, to be masked, the painter could not draw.
It is particularly noteworthy that the paintings of the Han Dynasty not only sketched, but also had nude models. According to the "Han Chu Guangchuan Hui Wang Biography" records: Guangchuan Hui Wang Liu went to a scorpion called Tao Wangqing, once asked the painter to paint for her, when she was portrait, she "snapped next to it" as a nude model . Although Tao Wangqing was later forced to kill her husband, she dared to boldly become the first female nude model in Chinese history could not be ignored.
Second, nude sculpture
The nude sculptures of the Han Dynasty, one is the pottery, the other is the gong, and the most unearthed from the pottery is the ruins of the Chang'an City in the Western Han Dynasty. In the early 1970s, when the peasants of Xingqi County leveled the land about 250 meters east of the Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, four pieces of nude pottery with a height of 60 cm were found, and the gender characteristics were obvious, all male. These four pottery figurines are very complete, accurate in shape and suitable in proportion. It is estimated to be the funerary objects of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. In 1984, a group of nude pottery figurines were unearthed in the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty discovered in the Xin'an brick factory in the east of Xi'an. The pottery body is slender and slim, but full of sufficiency, male and female, and painted on the body.
In 1985, nine nude pottery torsos were found in the site of the Taoxu workshop in the northwestern area of ​​Han Chang'an City. Among them, three can be judged as male, one female, most of the pottery is accurate, and the carving is meticulous; The pottery lamp unearthed from the tomb of the "Yangyang Chang" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the lamp holder is the image of a naked slave; the three bronze feet of about 50 cm high were unearthed in the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Sanli Dun, Lishui, Jiangsu, surrounded by a man and a woman. Image; the male and female nude images were unearthed on the bronze wares unearthed in the Jinning Shanzhai Tomb (simultaneous with Han) and the Jiangshan Lijiashan Tomb (Han Dynasty) in Yunnan.
In addition, many discoveries can be cited. Naked sculptures from the primitive society to the Han Dynasty, although the number found is not too much, but almost every era has some. Nude sculptures in the pre-Qin period generally do not directly represent human sexual organs. However, in the nude sculptures of the Han Dynasty, the proportion of songs and dances and acrobats increased significantly; the craftsmen at that time more accurately shaped the sculptures according to the human body, so they also accurately shaped the sexual organs of the sculpture.
Although the semi-naked or nude images are mostly social lower-level figures, the rulers have a certain low-level interest in their appreciation, but the craftsmen shape these characters with sympathy and compassion, so there is no ugliness or contempt from many images. There is appreciation for the fun, and at the same time, the expression of fear in the nude sculptures of the Han Dynasty is not as obvious as the naked statues of the Yin Dynasty. All of this has laid a solid foundation for today's nude jade carving art. Many of today's nude jade carving techniques are based on the ancient sculpture experience.
Third, the reasons for the popularity of nude art
Why are nude and nude sculptures in the Han Dynasty quite popular? The history circles think that this has a lot to do with the attitude of the Han Dynasty to the relatively open attitude of the two sexes. This relatively open attitude is mainly manifested in:
First, there is the original sexual legacy. For example, the custom of primitive social worship was still in the Han Dynasty. Second, the Han Dynasty had a certain range and a certain degree of naked customs, naked songs and dances, drama and acrobatic performances. This custom may be the original legacy, or it may be like Zhai Bozan said that it was mainly influenced by the ethnic groups in the Western Region and other minorities. Thirdly, the Han Dynasty’s Fangzhong technique was popular, and the ruling and the wild were almost unhappy. Fourth, the emperor’s aristocrats succumbed to lasciviousness. For the so-called ethics of Confucianism, although they advocate it, they are not strictly observed. They often make the maids and family members perform songs, dances, and swimming in the nude.
The benevolent sees the wise and sees wisdom, and a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlet. The craftsmanship and spirit of inheritance cannot be lost, and filthy acts and thoughts cannot be.
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