Ancient emperor jade, those things two

Qianlong is too imperial to engrave the jade

In the 60 years of Qianlong, the 85-year-old Emperor Qianlong summoned the emperor and the prince of the prince to declare the prince of the emperor, the emperor of the emperor, and the prince of the emperor, and the prince of the emperor, the emperor of the emperor, and the prince of the emperor of the emperor. The first word of the hi word is the treasure of the emperor, and the imperial treasure of the emperor is engraved. The imperial system of the "Ten of the Old Man" is engraved as the Emperor of the Emperor, and the Emperor of the Emperor of the Emperor of the Emperor of the Emperor. This side of the "Tai Shang Emperor's Treasure" 22.5 cm square, is the largest emperor of the Qing Dynasty, is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The so-called "too high" is no exception, and it is called the extreme honor. "Emperor", Germany is greater than the emperor, that is to say: Taishanghuang is the supreme person of Germany above the emperor. In Chinese history, "Tai Shang Huang" first appeared in the Qin Dynasty. According to Sima Qian's "Historical Records", Qin Shihuang unified the six kings and claimed that his father, Qinzhuang Yu, was the emperor after he claimed to be the emperor. This is also the only example of being praised as the emperor.

In fact, Taishanghuang is not a system inherent in Chinese traditional politics, so his appearance is usually accompanied by major historical events. In history, the Taishang emperors have different circumstances because of the different circumstances of the granting, but most of them are forced to give way by form. Throughout the history of China, it is true that both the esteemed and powerful Taishang Emperor are not the Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. For Qianlong, it is an important moment in his life to pass on Jiaqing to make himself an emperor of Taishang. According to the book "Qianlong Baochao" (Qianlong Yushao Seal), which was collected by the Forbidden City in Beijing, under the instruction of Emperor Qianlong, the craftsmen of the interior used different materials to make more than 20 pieces of the Emperor Yubao of different sizes.

Looking at these twenty squares, the emperor's royal treasure, "Tai Shang Huang Fu" is one of the most distinctive ones. This square is made of warm and pure white jade, and the whole is cylindrical, and the upper part is made of earthy red, which looks simple and dignified. This is the only circular print in Qianlong’s “Tai Shang Huang Fu”. This 玺 "Tai Shang Huang Fu" printed on the face of the scorpion Yang carved "Tai Shang Emperor", can be seen, the "Tai Shang Emperor" four characters are consciously carved into a "ten" shape layout. This kind of layout began with his "Shintian Master". After every major event, it often resembles one or two parties, such as "the ancient thin child", "five blessings and five generations", "Tian En 80", etc. Formed a series. This party "Tai Shang Emperor" is the last party in this series.

On the wall of this round plaque, the whole body is engraved with the poem "The Treasure of the Emperor of the Emperor", the poem: "From the ancient to the cloud, the emperor called the nickname is not appropriate. That is, the Sixth Festival is still lucky. I have to ask for a double essay. I have asked myself to live a life, and I have to say that I will continue to read the sacred words of the sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred. "The last two sentences of the poem, especially the words and thoughts of Emperor Qianlong at this time." In the study room with a clear window, the exhibition examines the philosophical work "Xi Ming" of the Song Dynasty's Da Confucian Zhang Zai, and sends out the essence of all things, the meaning of the body, the sorrows of the sages, the sorrows of the sages, and the sorrows of forgetting the sorrows. . In the self-injection of this poem, Qianlong also mentioned that he became the Queen of the Emperor, and abandoned the routine red tape with the honor, just "the treasure of the emperor" as a memorial to his important life.

As one of the important treasures of the Emperor Qianlong's Taishang Emperor, this Fangyuan was often printed on the paintings of the Neifu collection, such as the "Five Bulls" of the Tang Dynasty Han of the Beijing Palace Museum and the "Mid and Autumn Post" of the Jin Dynasty Wang Xianzhi. The collection of the "Taste of Tea" axis of the Tang Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty Museum of the National Palace Museum in Taipei was printed with this plaque. In addition, this plaque is also engraved on some of the palace artifacts. This is the case, such as the Taipei National Palace Museum, which was built in the late Neolithic era to the Xia Dynasty.

The other side of Qianlong, which is very similar to this, is the "Gui Xi Tian Zi", which often appears together with the "Tai Shang Emperor" and its position corresponds to each other. Now the "Gu Xi Tian Zi" has lost its years, so the "Emperor Emperor" is full of preciousness.

Qianlong’s number of prints is the most

Before entering the customs, the Qing Taizu Nurhachi had a seal, which was printed by Manchu Jianzhou, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and can now be seen on the archives. His son, Huang Taiji, has two gold seals, which can be seen now.

The seal of Shunzhi Emperor is about 20 squares. The real thing we can see is made of wood. It is very simple, but the impression is very well carved and can be seen on painting and calligraphy.

Kangxi’s seal is about 120 square meters. Jade, wood, stone and other textures are available, and the carving is more refined.

Emperor Yongzheng’s seal was slightly more. In the first year of Emperor Qianlong, the Baozheng of Yongzheng was cleaned up, and the number obtained was 204 square meters, which were distributed in 39 scorpions. Most of the seals of Yongzheng were made of Shoushan Stone, which is a popular stone at that time, accounting for 90%.

Qianlong’s seals are even more. During his lifetime, Qianlong engraved more than 1,800 square treasures, more than the sum of all the other emperors of the Qing Dynasty. Because of the British-French coalition forces, the Eight-Power Allied Forces rushing into Beijing, and the outflow from the palace during the late Qing Dynasty, there are probably two or three hundred square meters lost to the world.

The side of Qianlong’s side is a milestone for his long life and a barometer of his mood. Forty-five years of Qianlong’s forty-five years, he was commemorated by Du Fu’s poem “The Treasure of the Ancient Son of Heaven”. At the time of the 80th Anniversary of Emperor Qianlong's fifty-five years, it was modeled after the "eight treasures of mourning", and the poems containing the words "Fu" and "Shou" were made of Shoushan Stone, Qingtian Stone and Copper. The total amount of group 达 is 660 square meters. The meaning of Ji Sheng is more obvious. In order to commemorate the major victory of the expedition to the frontier during the tenth period of his reign, he specializes in "the treasure of the old man". In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), it was already the Emperor Qianlong of the Emperor. The one used by the party was extremely straightforward. It was written with the words "Going to politics and still training". It is clear that although the son is an emperor, the old man still has to say I have calculated. These treasures were constantly copied before his death, and there were many, such as "the treasure of the ancient Greek son" and "the treasure of the eight signs of mourning" as many as dozens.

There are many treasures in Qianlong, and the numbers are unparalleled in the emperors of all ages. In terms of texture, Qianlong Baodi is also diverse, including traditional materials such as copper, jade, stone, crystal, agate, ivory, bamboo, beeswax, and mud, which are commonly used in China, but they are still commonly used in seal stones and jade. The vast majority. Among them, the production ratio of jade treasure is obviously more, and the jade varieties include jasper, green white jade, sapphire, ink jade, and jade, etc., with a total amount of more than 600 square meters.

Jiaqing’s seal is roughly 500 square meters. Some of them are the leisure chapters of Emperor Qianlong, and they have also entered Baoji of Jiaqing and continue to use them. There is also a part of his own, roughly 400 square meters, with the most jade.

There are very few prints of Daoguang, and a large number of seals are used in Qianlong and Jiaqing.

Xianfeng is less, about 30 square meters. Tongzhi more than 20 parties. Guangxu is nearly seventy or eighty square. Cixi was the most produced in the late Qing Dynasty. It has nearly three or four hundred squares, and the engraving forms and combinations of the seals are similar to Qianlong. Xuan Tong’s seal is about 50 square meters.

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